Renewable Energy

Energy related issues are at the forefront of the environmental debate. Today, coal-fired power plants produce 40% of the world's electricity and a third of the carbon dioxide emissions linked to global warming. The development of renewable energy sources such as wind, wave, and solar can help eliminate fossil fuel emissions, while stimulating economic development.

Wind power, for example, generates electricity with...

• No air emissions
• No fuel to mine, transport, or store
• No cooling water
• No water pollution
• No wastes

A typical (750 kW) wind turbine provides enough power for 328 typical (non-electric heating) homes!

Automobile Emissions

Cars and trucks are one of the largest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions. Such emissions have been identified as a leading cause of global warming, as well as a number of heart and respiratory ailments. In response, sustainability proponents are urging the government and businesses to adopt more stringent emissions standards and provide greener transportation options.

Deforestation

Deforestation results from removal of trees without sufficiently replacing them, and results in declines in habitat and biodiversity, wood for fuel and industrial use, and overall quality of life. Since the mid-1800s the Earth has experienced an unprecedented rate of deforestation. About half of the mature tropical forests that once covered the planet have been felled or burned.

Fossil Fuels

The three primary fossil fuels are coal, natural gas, and oil. All three of these are responsible for CO2 emissions; however, oil has become a lightning rod for political, economic, and environmental debate. Our dependence on oil for fuel and other petroleum-based products creates a significant dilemma. That said, the development of alternative fuel sources such as ethanol and biodegradable plastics are starting to provide viable options for consumers.

Climate Change

There is now significant evidence linking the rise is atmospheric temperatures to disruptions in global weather patterns, and in turn, an increase in the number and intensity of tropical storms. Addressing the issue of climate change has sparked a worldwide debate on how to incorporate sustainable practices into various social, economic, and governmental activities in order to combat the effects of global warming.

Wildlife and Habitat Preservation

Global warming also continues to jeopardize the planet's natural wildlife. One of the animal species most visibly impacted is the polar bear. The rise in global temperatures means that arctic ice melts quicker during spring and summer, diminishing the polar bear's habitat and accessibility to food.

Mining and Extraction

The mining of fossil fuels, gems, and precious metals is a very resource intensive process that affects the environment in multiple ways. The transportation of equipment, supplies, and the extracted materials requires a large supply of fossil fuels such as oil. Mining is also a major source of water and soil pollution, often causing irreversible damage to wildlife and natural habitat.

Availability of Clean Water

As the world's population continues to swell, and more and more water is used to support industrial processes, accessibility to clean water will become increasingly scarce. This is especially problematic for developing nations, which often lack the infrastructure and sanitation mechanisms required to provide clean water on a massive scale. Some companies, such as GE and Unilever, are developing water purification technologies and low-cost sanitation options for the base-of-the-pyramid (BOP) market.

Material Consumption and Waste

Significant economic growth over the past century has led to a dramatic increase in the production and consumption of material goods. How to effectively manage the resulting waste steam is a significant environmental problem. While many parts of the world are starting to implement recycling programs, the majority of material waste in countries such as the United States ends up in a landfill.

Electronic Waste (E-waste)

Today, consumers replace electronic devices more frequently than ever. Unfortunately, the overwhelming majority of e-waste is not disposed of in a way that is safe for the environment. E-waste contains toxic materials such as lead, mercury, and cadmium that leach into our water supplies. This not only endangers fish and wildlife, but also humans. As hazardous substances accumulate in our food and water, people are at greater risk of birth defects and diseases such as cancer. According to a Cornell University research study, about 40 percent of deaths worldwide are caused by water, air, and soil pollution.

The Global Economy

Today, people are beginning to understand the connection between global economic expansion and many of the world's environmental issues. In turn, businesses are starting to be held accountable. Greater awareness among social, economic, and governmental leaders will continue to drive policy changes that addresses many of these issues. However, the greatest catalyst for change will come as businesses begin to realize that a sustainable business model can create market opportunities, reduce long-term costs, and mitigate risk.